SEMANTICS & PRAGMATICS (Deixis)

 PRAGMATICS

Group 3 : Eightlements

Blog link : https://eightlement.blogspot.com/

Members :

1. Anisa Henriani (A1B019060)

2. Dinda Muthia Rilyanti (A1B019053)

3. Novia Eka Pangesti (A1B019042)

4. Salzabilla Ayu Kinanti (A1B019055)

5. Tia Annida  (A1B019041)

6. Frizki Hidayat Amrullah (A1B019109)

7. Gabriel Klinton (A1B019110)

8. Yahya AlQhudsi (A1B019118)

 

SEMANTICS & PRAGMATICS (Deixis)

A. Deixis

Deixis is basically a speaker centered notion where the central person is a speaker.

4 element:

1.      Speakers/Person : Speaker A, Speaker B

2.      The central place is the speaker’s location

3.      The central time is the time at which the speaker utter a particular sentence or produces aparticular utterance

4.      The central discours ekement is the one containing the speaker’s utterance

Example :

A : Have you seen this?

B : You asked me that before

A : But I wasn’t here then

 

Person : You. Me, I

Discourse : this, that

Time : Before, Then

Place : Here

 

1.) Person Deixis

- The speaker’s reference to himself

We/Us, I/me

- The speaker’s reference to the addressee(s)

You.SG you.PL

-The speaker’s reference to other persons and entities

He/him, She/Her, It, They/Them

 

2) Place deixis

- Identifiying entities

This/These, That/Those

-          Informing about location

Here/There, Above/Below

-“Acknowledging” location

Come/So

Spatial deictic System :

Proximal : here

Distal : There

 

3) Time Deixis

Last year                            This afternoon

Yesterday                                Today                                          Soon

before                                      Now                                        Tommorroe

Before u                      Moment of utterance (u)                     after u

4) Discourse deixis

   Concerns of the use of die takings expressions Whitin an utterance as a form of orientation inside an unfolding discourse.    

… in the last paragraph…

…. In the next chapter….

·         At this point it is useful to return to our previous example. (Refers to the current portion of the discourse <>

·         You will be interested in this problem. (Reference to the forthcoming discourse element ->)

·         That’s the most ridiculous excuse I’ve ever heard. (Refers to a preceding discourse element <-)

 

Types		Elements	Examples
Personal Deictics (who) Typically refer to the person speaking and the person listening in a discourse.		I	-          I will be staying at this hotel -          I am waiting for my package -          I know you are lying -          I met Fahri at the market -          I will leave this city as soon as possible
		You	-          Are you going to join me? -          If you can identify -          Did you scribble on the classroom wall? -          Can you fix my flashlight? -          Rina and you are in the same group
		We	-          We visited the panjang beach -          We use a term of reference -          We will make a map of indonesia tomorrow -          Are we going to eat pasta today? -          We decided to expel Andin from this school
		She	-          She enjoy the meal -          She is the most beautiful girl in this school -          She cries because of sony -          She put a broom in the corner of the classroom -          She went with sintia to buy a pen
		He	-          He will join the meeting -          He disappeared like the wind in the afternoon -          He is the nicest man i have ever met -          He is eating lunch from his mother -          He dropped my book
		They	-          They see the rabbit -          They will be going in the (near) future. -          They are talking about that woman -          Did they see Sania yesterday? -          They will not be held responsible for their actions
Spatial deictic (where) Expressions refer to the 'where' of the speaker and/or participants	Demonstratives	This	-          Novia is reading this book -          I will leave this city as soon as possible -          This is my last day at school -          Give this pasta to rio, please! -          This is an absolute decision
		That	-          I can’t attend that event -          He plays that pen -          Return that book to me right now -          She put that plate on the table -          I will eat that pasta
		These	-          Both of these can be called deictic words -          All of these cookies -          These last three categories of deixis -          These are the last warnings for you -          These are all your final assignments
		Those	-          Refer to those who are included -          Used by those outside the familiar circle. -          They handed all those files over to the boss -          Those foods are mine -          Those are all your fault in the past
	Adverbs	Here	-          They will pick me up here -          Here is a very comfortable place -          Just put it here! -          Why is it so hot in here? -          Will you wait for your father here?
		There	-          Is that tree over there -          There are three categories -          Is anybody there? -          There is a very cold place -          There is where we met for the first time
	Prepositions	In	-          I see your soap in the box -          They found the diary in the bag -          In the cave there are many snakes -          My mother put milk in my lunch box -          They put gifts in vina bags
		On	-          The book is on the table -          She put that plate on the table -          He puts a piece of paper on nia's book -          The bag is on top of my closet -          my cat is sleeping on my lap
Temporal deictic Expressions tell us more about when the participants are speaking	Time adverbials	Now	-          Now I know this place -          Return my book right now! -          This place has become a building now
		Then	-          Then he picked up another box. -          She said something and then rode ahead -          Alex glanced at Jonathan and then rubbed the top of his head.
		Today	-          Today, there are more than one hundred million -          I saw something today that bothered me -          Today is my birthday
		Tomorrow	-          This is what I want you to do tomorrow morning. -          It's a good thing tomorrow is Saturday -          Though I could always wait until tomorrow, after Darkyn deals with you.
		Yesterday	-          Yesterday was not a good one -          Perhaps he came yesterday and I have forgotten it -          Yesterday I went with my aunt to the playground
	Time expressions	In the evening	-          I see the true color in the evening -          They do the work in the evening -          Something will happen in the evening
		At midnight	-          Why are you calling at midnight? -          At midnight dancing was still going on -          they meet at midnight
		On time	-          Tia eat meals on time -          They arrived on time -          You have to submit the assignment on time

 

 

 

A Secret for Two (rahasia berdua) bercerita tentang suatu hubungan yang sangat luar biasa antara Pierre, seorang pengantar susu sebuah perusahaan pengolah susu yang bernama The Provincale Milk Company, dan Joseph – seekor kuda jantan putih yang menarik gerobak (wagon) pembawa susu.

Setiap pagi Pierre sampai di perusahaan itu pada pukul lima subuh dan langsung mempersiapkan gerobak dan kudanya. Setelah segala sesuatunya siap, dia berkata kepada kudanya, ‘selamat pagi, sahabat lamaku’. Dan, Joseph, sang kuda, menoleh  kepada Pierre. Pengantar susu yang lainpun tersenyum melihat prilaku kedua makhluk tersebut. Setelah ada aba-aba dari Jacques, pengawas pendestribusian susu, Pierre berkata pada kudanya,’mari kita berangkat, sahabatku’.  Merekapun berangkat mengantarkan susu ke daerah di sekitar jalan yang bernama  Prince Edward Street.

 

Person Deixis              : kita, dia, lainpun, -nya, mereka

Place Deixis                : ada, dari

Time Deixis                : setelah, setiap

Discourse Deixis         : itu.

 

Setalah satu tahun melakukan tugasnya, pierre dan Joseph sudah saling memahami. Joseph telah hafal jalan yang harus dilalui dan tahu alamat yang harus didatangi.  Sejak itu, pierre tidak pernah lagi memegang tali kekang sahabatnya. Joseph tahu jalan mana yang harus dilalui, dimana dan berapa lama harus berhenti, kapan harus bergerak kembali, dan dimana harus berbalik arah dan kembali ke kandangnya di the Provincale Milk Company.

Persahabatan mereka berjalan secara alami dan tanpa mereka sadari, keduanyapun bertambah tua. Semua orang di perusahaan tersebut menduga bahwa ada sesuatu rahasia antara Pierre dan Joseph yang tidak mereka pahami. Pierre sudah memakai tongkat kalau berjalan, dan Joseph juga sudah menunjukkan kelelahannya. Namun, ketika diminta pensiun, Peirre menolak.

 

Person deictic              : dia, joseph, mereka, pierre

Discourse deictic        : itu

Place deictic                : Dimana, the Provincale Milk Company.

Time deictic                : Setelah satu tahun

Suatu pagi Peirre mendapat berita buruk dari Jacques bahwa Joseph tidak bisa bangun lagi dan dia terbaring dikandangnya karena kuda tersebut sudah tua. Berita itu sangat mengejutkan Pierre, dan akhirnya dia berkata bahwa Joseph memang sudah tua dan dia tidak bisa bertemu Jopseph lagi. Jacques mengatakan bahwa dia tentu boleh menemui Joseph, tapi Pierre menampiknya. Pierre berbalik dan pergi meninggalkan perusahaan itu ke arah jalan raya. Air mata mengalir dipipinya, dibarengi sedu-sedan halus. Tanpa disadarinya, dia berjalan di jalur yang salah, dan sebuah truk yang sedang melaju kencang menabraknya. Ketika pengemudi truk mengatakan bahwa Pierre seolah-olah buta sehingga tidak mampu melihat kedatangan truknya. Dokter ambulance mengatakan bahwa Pierre memang telah buta selama lima tahun karena semua kornea matanya ditutupi katarak. Menurut Jacques, tidak ada yang tahu bahwa Pierre buta kecuali sahabatnya, Joseph. Itu merupakan rahasia mereka berdua.

 

Person deictic : dia, -nya, berdua

Discourse deictic : itu

Place deictic :